Т. 1. «Азия и Африка: Наследие и современность»

Asia and Africa: their Heritage and Modernity. Vol. 1 27 Источниковедение и историография  Ближнего Востока In the course of his argument, Al-Walātī relies, as usual for legal argumentation, on Fatāwa of older Malikī scholars, whereby in addition to the “usually” consulted ʿ ulamā ʾ of the madhhab (Khalīl b. Ishāq, Al-Wanšarīsī, Ibn RušdAl-Ǧadd et al.), also nawāzil -collections of lesser-knownMuslim-Moorish scholars (back to 16th century) are quoted and interpreted (e.g. Ibn al-Āʿmash al-ʿAlawī, d.1695-96 in Shinqīṭ). This mainly, as manuscript preserved material, will provide the basis of my paper. First results show, that the mudārāh was in general seen as an un-Islamic charge that had under certain circumstances to be accepted and implemented into Islamic law, but this acceptance and implementation caused several further problems, which needed to be discussed and often decided by judges and muftis . The aim of my project is to trace back the transmission of the legal arguments on these charges and the problems as a consequence of the payments. Gerald MacLean (University of Exeter, UK) Kurds and Kurdistan: Earliest British Travellers Accounts in Light of Sharaf al-Din Bidlisi’s Sharafname (1597) Historians of early-modern Kurdistan are remarkably well served by the Sharafname , the sixteenth-century history of the Kurds by Prince Sharaf al-Din Bidlisi, and by the seventeenth-century Seyahatname of the Ottoman traveller, Evliya Ҫelebi. Kurds make brief appearances in earlier chronicles and accounts under various names from the ‘ popoli curdi’ of Marco Polo back to Xenophon’s ‘ Karduchoi’ and other possibilities that continue to be debated by philologists 1 . This paper derives from a larger project of examining English writing about the Kurds from their first reports of direct encounters in the 1590s, until the British take-over of Iraqi-Kurdistan following the 1914–1918 War. Here, I wish to focus only on an earlier British take over — that of Mediterranean trade from the Venetians — and the question of what was available knowledge in Britain about the Kurds when those first encounters were taking place. This question brings into focus two broader concerns: the nature and range of early-modern travel writing in the first age of European print culture, and the place of such writing in the contemporary circulation of historical and geographical knowledge and enquiry nationally and internationally. The first printed report by an English traveller of encountering Kurds appears in Richard Hakluyt’s compendious Navigations of 1598, where Ralph Fitch reports noticing the ‘Cordies, or Curdi’of Mardin while travelling in 1591, at a time when the 1 Bois. Th. , Minorsky V. , MacKenzie D. N . Kurds, Kurdistan // Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition . Eds. P. Bearman, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs. Brill Online, 2012.