XXX Международный конгресс ИИСАА. 19–21 июня 2019 г. Т. 2

Источниковедение и историография Китая к 150-летию академика В. В. Бартольда (1869–1930). Ч. 2 49 Hence, in the 1990s, a new course of the “Taiwanese history” was announced for teaching in the secondary schools, and a new textbook on the history of Taiwan—Getting to Know Taiwan ( 认识台湾 ) —was introduced for the first time. This book had special sections focused on the period of the colonial presence of Japan in the first half of the 20th century, with a less biased multanalysis of Japanese politics in Taiwan. The rejection of the negative attitude towards the colonial period was marked by a terminological innovation: instead of the designation “Japanese occupation” ( 日据 ), the term “Japanese government” ( 日 治 ) was introduced. An analysis of the modern Taiwan’s history school textbooks shows that the dis- cussion of the Japanese presence on the island is a part of the concept of Taiwanese society modernization. While recognizing the fact of the colonial rule, the suppres- sion of anti-Japanese activities, forced dissemination of the Japanese language and culture, the authors of the textbooks make an emphasis on the achievements brought by the Japanese government. They include development of transport and industrial infrastructure, foundation of modern professional and higher education, establishing of modern government machinery, not only for political, but also for socio-economic management, such as population censuses, cadastral registration of land, medical services, changing social mores, the introduction of legal consciousness. It is also emphasized that Taiwan has become an important industrial and logistic centre of regional importance. Consequently, despite all the inevitable negative aspects, the Japanese rule was of fundamental importance for economic and political moderni- zation of Taiwan, as well as the expansion of its regional contacts and inclusion in the pan-Asian regional context. Therefore, the material outlined above allows us to conclude that the re-inter- pretation of the Japanese period in the history of Taiwan was subordinated to the general task of building political self-determination. During the reign of the Kuo- mintang in the 1940s-80s, the colonial rule was negatively evaluated being viewed as a stage in the colonial oppression of the Chinese homeland, logically combined with the experience of the anti-Japanese war. Consequently, the narrative of Jap- anese colonialism was intended to emphasize the historical connection and unity with mainland China. On the contrary, after the 1990s, the re-orientation towards political and ideological departure from the mainland, the Japanese period received a two-pronged interpretation. On the one hand, the first half of the 20th century was an initial stage of building a modernized Taiwanese society, which is not associated with the mainland, but on the contrary, actively participates in regional processes. On the other hand, the Japanese time was one of the periods of the foreign rule in Taiwan, along with Dutch and Spanish rule. In this regard, the assessment of the colonial rule of Japan does not link Taiwan’s historical experience with mainland China, but rather separates them, presenting the history of Taiwan as a chain of periods of foreign presence and the island’s involvement in regional and world processes from the early stages of its history.