Локальное наследие и глобальная перспектива. 24-29 апреля 2014 г. - page 69

Источниковедение и историография Турции
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this necessity. That most historians explain such policies and issues as simple
reflections of the ideological preferences of the ruling elite simply does not take
into account matters of population, matters seriously considered by the elite. In
this paper, it is aimed to show very briefly the state’s involvement and discourse
in making the country as a “populus” place.
From around the aftermath of World War II, however, such concerns reversed
as population increase rather than lack of population characterized the era. In the
paper, I intend to show many of the state attitudes from this era as reflections of
population necessity. It was a time of so-called family planning. However things also
changed recently. Just as Turkey’s current Prime Minister time and again emphasizes
the necessity to have each Turkish family at least three children (just as Mr. Putin’s
financial support for births is very much related to population issues rather than
ideological preferences), most historical and social issues should be understood
in the light of population issues, which have not been elaborated by historians and
alike as they deserved.
The paper intends to use primary sources such as archival material and newspapers
from the 1920s through the 1990s.
Bülent Özdemir (Balikesir University, Turkey)
The Theories and Definitions
of Imperialism and Edward Said
Although, simply imperialism is taking possession of the land, the definitions of
the term «imperialism» vary according to the theories in the studies of imperialism.
Basically, there are two theoretical approaches in the study of imperialism. On the
one hand, the liberal-bourgeois approach, which is represented in the works of
Schumpeter, Conant, and Langer, argues that imperialism was for the wealth of
nation and that considerations of prestige, the desire for security and expansion
are the driving forces behind the idea of imperialism. On the other hand, Marxist
interpretations, as in the works of Hobson, Lenin, Rosa Luxemburg, and Kautsky,
stress that imperialism was the inevitable outcome of capitalist economic
developments. It is regarded as the expression of a need for new markets for the
surplus products of industrialism, as a search for raw materials and for cheap labor.
While the Marxists charge capitalism as inherently imperialistic, liberal-bourgeois
writers generally does not take into account any natural or necessary connection
between capitalism and imperialism.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss how Said explains the formation of imperial
attitudes, references and experiences by concentrating on the European novel and
what he offers against the acceptance of imperialism by the western culture as both
historical phenomenon and ideological rationale.
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