XXXI Международный конгресс ИИСАА. 23–25 июня 2021 г. Т. 2

Россия и Восток. К 100-летию политических и культурных связей новейшего времени. Т. 2 313 СЕКЦИЯ XX • SECTION XX КРУГЛЫЙ СТОЛ: «КУРДСКИЙ ВОПРОС: ИСТОРИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ» ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION: “THE KURDISH QUESTION: HISTORY AND TODAY’S STATE” Celebi D. (The University of Manchester, United Kingdom) Shafi’i School as a State Religion of Kurds and Kurdeyatî There is a known fact that Islam is a deciding factor for most issues in the Middle East. After the death of the Prophet Muhammad, who was accepted as the leader by the Muslims, the emergence of many different opinions had been started. Every segment started to form schools according to their ideas and put forward their ideologies under a religious sect (Watt, 1973). One of the most prominent examples of this is that two groups of followers of the Prophet were fighting each other in the Siffin war because of the argument of “Who will be the ruler after the prophet?”. In this war while those who are ‘opponents’ to the main ideas themselves called themself as ‘ khawarji ’ (external), one of the factors that trigger the seperation here is considering themself as the owner of the right to govern (Bulut, 2013). Thus, these sectarian groups, who comprise the vast majority of Arabs, began to spread the Sunni sectarian ideology to their heighbour. After this point, Hanafi, Shafi’i, Hanbali, and Maliki, which are the sub-parts of the Sunni sect and are also ideological forms, were adopted by different ethnic identities in different geographies (Watt, 1973).