XXX Международный конгресс ИИСАА. 19–21 июня 2019 г. Т. 1

Источниковедение и историография Арабских стран к 150-летию академика В. В. Бартольда (1869–1930). Ч. 1 103 en derecho ( Information in Law , 1535) and the De debellandis Indis (ca. 1553), in which he tried to make compatible the interests of both natives and settlers. Before his move toAmerica as a judge ( oidor ) of the SecondAudiencia of Mexico in 1530, it is highlighted his experience in Granada and North Africa, which allowed him to train as a jurist and officer of the Spanish Crown (WARREN 1998 y 1963). The Context African interests did not figure in the imperial agenda of Charles V to the same extent as other large enterprises, such as the domination of the West Indies or Italian politics (Braudel 1987, 153; 1928, 191–192). Africa, however, provided a double perspective on Spanish interests during the sixteenth century: 1. From an internal perspective, it consisted of a policy of defence and attack against Islam: defence of the coasts of the Kingdom of Granada and eastern Spain which, after the fall of the Nasrid emirate of Granada on January 2, 1492, formed a new frontier with the Islamic world established along the southern shore of the Mediterranean. There, a “new Granada war” had been transferred (Braudel 1987, 153; 1928, 192–194), the continuation of the crusade against Islam that was begun in 1480 during the celebration of the Cortes of Toledo through the ritual of the blessing of the flags of the Order of Santiago (Suárez Fernández 1989a, 361). The Court as such symbolized the new hegemonic role of the Spanish monarchy, which tended to concentrate all the power of the kingdom in the person of the sovereign, while affirming a policy of “religious maxim” by which the religion of the kingdom, Catholicism, became mandatory for all subjects of the Crown, while excluding any other creed (Suárez Fernández 1989b, 5–40). To these were added other matters of significance, such as certain initiatives that concentrated a medieval-style Messianism in the person of the Spanish monarchs, and which was expressed in the drive to recover the Holy Land for Christianity (Zaballa Beascoechea, Gonzalez Ayesta 1995); together with the imperial claim, as expressed by the chancellor Mercurino Gattinara in 1522: it was the duty of the greatest prince of Christians to govern the world (Braudel 2000, 34–44). This policy of defence, territorial expansion and aggrandizement of Christianity, led Spain to expand its own domains to the south, at the expense of Islam, in the period following the capture of Granada. In 1509 they snatched Oran from the sultanate of Tlemcen, taking advantage of the precariousness of the Tlemcenian dominion over that stronghold (López de Coca Castañer 2018; Laroui 1994, 203; García-Arenal, 1992). The action was directed by Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, a Franciscan ecclesiastical reformer who had overseen the repression against the Mudejar population (Spanish moors) of Granada in 1499 and became an arbiter of Castilian politics after the death of Queen Isabel I in 1504 (García Oro 2002, 185–209). By 1510 Spanish expansionism had reached Tripoli (Fernández Rodríguez, Martínez Peñas 2014, 177–210; Zurita 1610, 225 vº–227 rº).