Доклады Международного конгресса ИИСАА. Т. 1

II. Middle East, Caucasus and Central Asia / Ближний Восток, Кавказ и Центральная Азия 78 Proceedings of the International Congress on Historiography and Source Studies of Asia and Africa.Vol. I. 2020 Language contacts give interesting clues about the history of the relations between nations. Cultural interactions throughout the history of nations, political affairs and affiliations, trade relations, efforts to understand the other nation’s life also affect the languages. Turks and Russians, two neighbours, had very strong interactions in history. A result of this relationship is Turkish loan-words in Russian and Russian loan-words in Turkish. Some of the loan-words can be the result of contacts between two nations. In this case, the words in a language are passed to the neighbouring language without the need for another language to be spoken by the interlocutors. Undoubtedly, this type of word borrowing has several reasons. Speakers of the language that encounter an element new to their culture and vocabulary, borrow the name of the element as it is, if they cannot find a word for it in their own language. The names of things that are encountered for the first time, such as a new type of vegetable, an exotic fruit, a food belongs to another country's cuisine, a drink from foreign countries, new fashion clothes, a newly invented device, in short, a new entity or a new product that is not found in the mental dictionary of human beings is taken along with its name which becomes a loan-word. According to the last edition of the Turkish Dictionary which was published by the Turkish LanguageAssociation (TDK) in 2019, there are forty Russian loan-words in Turkish. 1 Among these words kapuska ‘cabbage stew’, mazot ‘diesel, diesel oil ’, semaver ‘samovar’, şapka ‘hat’, vatka ‘wadding’, votka ‘vodka’, etc., which were borrowed from Russian in different times, have high frequencies in contemporary Turkish. Although the etymological roots of some of these loan-words are based in different languages, these words are accepted as Russian borrowings since they came to Turkish through Russian. Also, in the dialects of north-east Turkey there are some other borrowings from Russian: istekan ‘glass’, sımışka ‘ sunflower seeds ’, ustol ‘table’, zavot ‘factory’. In the Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language , 2 there are data showing the links of approximately 300 Russian words with Turkish. Hasan Eren, the author of the Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language , was the former president of the Turkish Language Association (1983–1993). This dictionary is the product of the sixty-seven years of Eren’s labor. Not only in this dictionary but also in his numerous etymological papers, 3 he described where the words, idioms, place names in the Turkish lexicon came from, what developments they experienced and what changes they had. He explained in detail where words alicha ‘a tree that grows wild 1 Akalın Ş. H., et al. Turkish Dictionary. 2 Eren H. Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language. Ankara, 1999. 3 Eren H. In the Glaze Kiosk. Ankara: Turkish Language Society Publications, 2010; Eren H. Language of the Toponymic Names. Ankara: Turkish Language Society Publications, 2010.